According to Yoga Sutra II.3, the five kleshas are:
avidya = lack of wisdom, not seeing things as they are
asmita = the sense of ‘I’, egoism
raga = desire, passion, attachment
dvesa = aversion
abhinivesah= clinging to life, self-preservation
When speculating on this, I try very hard to move beyond how they relate to us in the ordinary sense. For example, I could wonder, “Hmmm… I appear to be attached to my morning cup of coffee…” , and then recognize the asmita and the raga elements to that observation, as well as the dvesa and avidya elements. Meaning, I am clearly habituated to the act of drinking coffee, and I am willfully blind to the possibility that I am better off without it, so I avoid taking the necessary steps to remove it from my life.
Obviously, exercises like these are illuminating and necessary, but for me personally, at this stage in my development, I am more interested in seeing how things such as the kleshas affect a person at the level of the Self, or soul. In other words, how do kleshas affect a person at the deepest manifestation of reality?
When we spoke briefly about abhinivesah, which has also been translated as “fear of death”, Corina said that Paul JJ Alix referred to it simply as “fear”, which I understood as the feeling in its most raw and elemental form. Then she said that perhaps this form of fear is truly fear of death, and that perhaps the ideas are interchangeable. This resonated with me, mainly because I wondered, what is the point of fear, then, if not to drive us to avoid death? We are animals, after all – creatures who evolved in this material world with an enormous desire to survive. It is a powerful drive that lives at our very core.
But then, another woman in the class wondered if “fear of death” did not only apply to oneself, but also to someone else. For example, she said she is far more afraid of the possibility of losing her child than she is of losing her own life. I replied that I believed abhinivesah was different – that instead it pointed to our instinctual clinging to the life force. I used the example of being confronted by a person with a knife. My feeling is, no matter how worried you might be about the livelihood of another person, the moment a murderer enters into your midst, all fears directed to the other person would surely be supplanted by the strong desire to protect your own life. I kept mum, though. The old me would have argued more, but fortunately I was able to recognize (and be satisfied with) the fact that clearly, I had more to ponder with respect to abhinivesah.
So, I wondered – is there a common ground between my classmate’s thoughts on “fear of death” and my own? Yoga, after all, means union. What unites these two ideas?
From here, I began to think in terms of subject-object relationships, since fundamentally, they are inherent to all aspects of one’s life experience. You are alive, you are awake, and you observe the world as you interact with it. You are the subject and everything else is the object.
In the case of impending death, the subject is the person and the object is the person’s body and its ability to sustain itself.
In the case of the mother and child, the subject is the mother and the object is the child.
In the first case, the subject fears the eradication of his/her relationship to the body and to the outer world.
In the second case, the subject fears the eradication of the mother-child relationship. (The mother might also fear the eradication of the child’s relationship to the outer world, by way of empathy, but I think this is secondary.)
So where is the common ground?
In both cases, there is a fear of the eradication of a relationship.
And if you look at a relationship as an object – an object to become attached to – then what happens when that relationship disappears? What happens when the object that had become manifest, is no longer manifest? Now in the place where the relationship existed, there is only void.
Now all of the attachments that had been projected onto that relationship have no place to land. The subject is left with a sense of emptiness, and of groundlessness. In response to that, fear arises, driving us to cling to new subject-object relationships, in order to alleviate the discomfort.
So, from this perspective, does abhinivesah become not exactly a fear of death, but rather a fear of the dissolution of a subject-object relationship, and the void that follows?
There is concept directly associated with void: Brahman. Braham is considered the eternal and absolute realm beyond all manifestations of reality. It is also considered the point from where cosmic consciousness emerges.
Inherently linked to this is the Atman (the Self or individual soul). It is considered the point from where individual consciousness emerges. The difference between Brahman and Atman is that Atman maintains the illusion that it is separate. But truly, they are one and the same.
So then, if abhinivesah is fear of dissolution and the void that follows, then is it also fear of residing in consciousness without content?
If so, why is this so frightening?
I suppose that question lies at the heart of all mystery. Perhaps one day a further expansion of consciousness will reveal the reason for this mystery. Until then I can only speculate.
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I just updated my FaceBook status with the following:
I am a point around which all things swirl. I and those things swirl around other points, and those points and their things swirl around me. Point, swirl. Swirl, point.
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A crude sketch of the kleshas: